Sudoku technique · Candidate elimination

Naked Pair

A Naked Pair is two cells in one row, column, or box whose complete candidate sets are the same two digits.

Topic role
Candidate-elimination proof
Engine rank
Rank 4
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Learning order

Topic relationships

These links express the same learning and proof relationships used throughout the library.

Verified example

Work through the example

Naked Pair · Verified example
R1C1: given 1
R1C2: given 2
R1C3: given 3
R1C4: given 4
R1C5: given 5
R1C6: empty
R1C7: given 7
R1C8: empty
R1C9: empty
R2C1: given 4
R2C2: given 5
R2C3: given 6
R2C4: given 7
R2C5: empty
R2C6: empty
R2C7: given 1
R2C8: empty
R2C9: given 3
R3C1: given 7
R3C2: given 8
R3C3: given 9
R3C4: empty
R3C5: empty
R3C6: empty
R3C7: empty
R3C8: empty
R3C9: empty
R4C1: empty
R4C2: given 3
R4C3: given 4
R4C4: given 5
R4C5: empty
R4C6: given 7
R4C7: empty; pattern cell; Before 8, 9
R4C8: empty
R4C9: empty
R5C1: given 5
R5C2: given 6
R5C3: given 7
R5C4: given 8
R5C5: given 9
R5C6: given 1
R5C7: empty
R5C8: empty
R5C9: given 4
R6C1: empty
R6C2: given 9
R6C3: given 1
R6C4: empty
R6C5: empty
R6C6: empty
R6C7: given 5
R6C8: empty
R6C9: given 7
R7C1: given 3
R7C2: given 4
R7C3: given 5
R7C4: empty
R7C5: given 7
R7C6: empty
R7C7: empty; pattern cell; Before 8, 9
R7C8: empty
R7C9: given 2
R8C1: given 6
R8C2: given 7
R8C3: given 8
R8C4: empty
R8C5: empty
R8C6: empty
R8C7: empty; candidate deletion 9; Before 3, 4, 9; After 3, 4
R8C8: empty
R8C9: empty
R9C1: given 9
R9C2: given 1
R9C3: given 2
R9C4: given 3
R9C5: empty
R9C6: empty
R9C7: given 6
R9C8: given 7
R9C9: empty

Pattern cells: R4C7, R7C7. Remove 9 from R8C7.

Pattern cells
R4C7, R7C7
Pattern digits
8, 9
Reviewed unit
Column 7

Exact candidate changes

  • Remove 9 from R8C7Before: 3, 4, 9After: 3, 4
  1. Inspect one row, column, or box for cells with exactly two candidates.
  2. Find two cells whose complete candidate sets match exactly.
  3. Reserve both digits for those two cells without deciding which digit goes where.
  4. Remove the pair digits only from the other cells in that same unit.

Fixed practice

Compare complete two-digit candidate sets, then scan only the rest of their shared unit for deletions.

Fixed practice · R4C5
Naked Pair · Fixed practice
R1C1: given 1
R1C2: given 2
R1C3: given 3
R1C4: given 4
R1C5: given 5
R1C6: empty
R1C7: given 7
R1C8: empty
R1C9: empty
R2C1: given 4
R2C2: given 5
R2C3: given 6
R2C4: given 7
R2C5: empty
R2C6: empty
R2C7: given 1
R2C8: empty
R2C9: given 3
R3C1: given 7
R3C2: given 8
R3C3: given 9
R3C4: empty
R3C5: empty
R3C6: empty
R3C7: empty
R3C8: empty
R3C9: empty
R4C1: empty
R4C2: given 3
R4C3: given 4
R4C4: given 5
R4C5: empty; pattern cell; Before 2, 6
R4C6: given 7
R4C7: empty
R4C8: empty
R4C9: empty
R5C1: given 5
R5C2: given 6
R5C3: given 7
R5C4: given 8
R5C5: given 9
R5C6: given 1
R5C7: empty
R5C8: empty
R5C9: given 4
R6C1: empty
R6C2: given 9
R6C3: given 1
R6C4: empty; pattern cell; Before 2, 6
R6C5: empty; candidate deletion 2, 6; Before 2, 3, 4, 6; After 3, 4
R6C6: empty; candidate deletion 2, 6; Before 2, 3, 4, 6; After 3, 4
R6C7: given 5
R6C8: empty
R6C9: given 7
R7C1: given 3
R7C2: given 4
R7C3: given 5
R7C4: empty
R7C5: given 7
R7C6: empty
R7C7: empty
R7C8: empty
R7C9: given 2
R8C1: given 6
R8C2: given 7
R8C3: given 8
R8C4: empty
R8C5: empty
R8C6: empty
R8C7: empty
R8C8: empty
R8C9: empty
R9C1: given 9
R9C2: given 1
R9C3: given 2
R9C4: given 3
R9C5: empty
R9C6: empty
R9C7: given 6
R9C8: given 7
R9C9: empty

Pattern cells: R4C5, R6C4. Remove 2, 6 from R6C5; Remove 2, 6 from R6C6.

Pattern cells
R4C5, R6C4
Pattern digits
2, 6
Reviewed unit
Box 5

Exact candidate changes

  • Remove 2, 6 from R6C5Before: 2, 3, 4, 6After: 3, 4
  • Remove 2, 6 from R6C6Before: 2, 3, 4, 6After: 3, 4

Common mistakes

Common mistakes

Treating two overlapping candidate lists as a pair when one cell contains a third candidate.

Removing either pair digit from the two pattern cells themselves.

Review information

What is verified here

The independent verifier checks the two exact pattern cells, their identical two-digit masks, their shared unit, and the complete ordered deletion list.

Fixture ID
p3b-naked-pair-column-01 / p3b-naked-pair-box-01
Engine version
legen-sudoku-engine/1.3.0
Verification status
Independent candidate-elimination verifier passed
Facts reviewed
2026-07-18
Technique terminology and examples are tied to the published engine version. See the review information below for scope and dates.